What the Facebook papers say about sourcing health information

From: POLITICO Future Pulse - Wednesday Oct 27,2021 02:04 pm
Presented by AARP: The collision of health care and technology.
Oct 27, 2021 View in browser
 
Future Pulse

By Darius Tahir

Presented by AARP

The Big Idea

WHEN THE WEB TRUMPS THE MD: It wasn’t long ago that doctors were almost the sole source for medical information. A diagnosis was the last word, second opinions were frowned upon and subtle bias seeped into decision-making.

The trove of documents collected by Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen shows the extent to which the pendulum has swung away from physicians — and how the social media giant has become a hub of medical advice that frequently drowns out public health experts.

Patients now flock to groups to discuss their care, scour resources to find the best treatment and even share tips on how to hack medical devices. And users questioning Covid-19 vaccine safety and pushing purported wonder drugs like ivermectin can dominate and shape public health debates.

Internal research found vaccine hesitancy was rampant, sometimes comprising 40 percent of all comments, and anti-vaxxers were able to spread their messages more broadly than vaccine promoters, according to disclosures made to the Securities and Exchange Commission and provided to Congress in redacted form by Haugen’s legal counsel. A consortium of news organizations, including POLITICO, obtained the redacted versions Congress received.

 

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Frances Haugen appears before the Senate.

Matt McClain/Getty Images

Anti-vax content also drove out institutions trying to promote accurate information, the documents show, complicating Facebook initiatives like providing free advertising to promote Covid shots.

The situation is “a huge concern,” says Bob Wachter, a professor and chair of the department of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, who referred to social media as a “megaphone for misinformation.” Other one-time enthusiasts for the democratized, digital patients share Wachter’s concern.

Much of the attention is on the site’s newsfeed algorithm, which can send people “looking for healthy recipes ... to anorexia content,” Haugen told the United Kingdom's Parliament Monday.

The algorithm ranks content based on how recent and popular it is, along with other criteria like the subject matter and relationship to the user. While the site has taken steps to discourage pandemic falsehoods, conspiracy theories, bogus scientific information and links to online scams about Covid-19 continue to proliferate and freeze out public health groups.

“[A]uthoritative health actors, like UNICEF and the WHO, will not use the free ad spend we are providing to them to promote pro-vaccine content, because they do not want to encourage the anti-vaccine commenters that warm their pages,” one memo stated.

Facebook declined to say how much advertising the institutions wound up using. And despite the deluge of anti-vaxxing comments, UNICEF chose to continue posting pro-vaccine content, a staffer told The Wall Street Journal.

Fiddling with the algorithm could just as easily reinforce basic public health practices and increase self-reported social distancing. Facebook spokesperson Andy Stone told Future Pulse the company had used its resources to decrease vaccine hesitancy by half, take down Covid misinformation, and connect users to reliable information.

Facebook and other tech companies also are driving new types of research: The company has partnered with Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Maryland to survey users on the pandemic.

This decentralization of health care with its deluge of messaging and other noise recalls a 2016 National Academy of Medicine report on the shifts toward a more democratic era of health care.

“How can we confuse people less?” the report asked, saying some 20 percent of the population wouldn’t participate actively or input data for this reason. The Facebook papers suggest the question still is hanging in the air.

Welcome back to Future Pulse, where we explore the convergence of health care and technology. Share your news and feedback: @dariustahir , @ali_lev, @abettel, @samsabin923, @_BenLeonard.

A message from AARP:

Lack of dental coverage is endangering America’s seniors. They have worked their whole lives and paid into Medicare with every paycheck. Yet two-thirds of seniors relying on Medicare can’t afford the dental care they need. This lack of care can lead to complications with diabetes and heart disease and increase the likelihood of dementia. It's time for Congress to act and include dental coverage in Medicare.

 
Tweet of the Week

Laura Lippman @LauraMLippman “Sitting here, face to face with my own visage as I await a Telehealth appointment retroactively angry at the people who insisted my hair had to be chin length all those years and also wondering if anyone has written the definitive take on the Revlon Hot Air Brush.”

Ideas Lab

CLOSING THE LOOP: It’s no fun for people with diabetes to track their fluctuating glucose levels and regulate them with insulin injections. But a new class of products — called closed-loop — use software and gadgets to automate those burdens and offer the promise of alleviating them. A study from Australia published in JAMA Pediatrics suggests it’s not just convenient but improves care.

Researchers studied 135 teenagers with type 1 diabetes with either a closed-loop system or more conventional monitoring with insulin infusions or injections, and found a six-point gain in the number of closed-loop patients “in range” of target glucose levels. That cohort also experienced gains in quality of life.

Devices known as artificial pancreases that wirelessly link an insulin pump to a glucose monitor have been available in the U.S. since 2016. The new technology adds artificially intelligent algorithms to factor in a patient’s medical history and recommend specific insulin amounts.

 

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Blood pressure cuff in a doctor's office.

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“We found the burdens were reduced,” said Tim Jones, one of the researchers at Perth Children’s Hospital. “Someone with diabetes has to make 180 decisions a day — every time I eat something, do something, I have to adjust. It’s a difficult thing.”

Newer technology might be even better. The study looked at relatively old closed-loop systems — independent hackers and big medical device companies have been tinkering continuously to improve the product. “Technology moves fast,” Jones said.

EQUITY BEYOND GADGETS: The push for more digital health tools may narrow health disparities, but only with proactive outreach to marginalized communities, three University of California, San Francisco professors wrote in a JAMA viewpoint piece.

The authors argued that designers of solutions must zero in on potential equity issues during the development phase and heed unique needs of patients who require health-related safety-net services. They also noted that many digital tools for chronic diseases haven’t been evaluated in underserved groups.

Most available digital health tools are in English only and written for people with reading levels higher than 12th grade, the authors wrote.

“Health care is on the cusp of a digital transformation that could harm health equity or improve it,” the authors wrote. “To improve equity will require building scalable solutions that get the design right from the start.”

VAX PASSPORTS OPTIONAL: The Biden administration plans on Nov. 8 to lift a ban on vaccinated international travelers entering the U.S. without setting a federal standard for a digital verification system.

POLITICO’s Ben Leonard writes that in a fact sheet, the White House made no mention of digital credentials commonly referred to as vaccine passports, which have become a flashpoint in debates over reopening public places and workspaces.

Fully vaccinated individuals will have to show proof of a negative Covid-19 test taken within three days before boarding an airplane. Airlines will be tasked with collecting and reviewing documentation from passengers ahead of their respective flights.

Advocates of a standardized system for vaccine verification have pointed to the need for verification systems like the SMART Health Card, which five states have adopted.

The administration has repeatedly said the federal government won’t be in the business of issuing standards for vaccine credentials or storing the data, leaving the politically thorny issue up to the private sector. But experts warn that could result in a confusing patchwork of verification systems that could be unreliable or not be equipped to talk to each other. Further complicating matters is that there’s no national vaccination database, much less an international one.

ANOTHER TELEHEALTH DEADLINE: A coalition of more than 70 entities, including Amazon, Americans for Prosperity and the American Telemedicine Association, is urging congressional leaders to keep in place a policy allowing certain high-deductible health plans to offer telehealth before patients hit deductibles.

The letter, convened by the Alliance for Connected Care, comes with the provision’s looming expiration at the end of the year, unlike many other telehealth flexibilities that will stay in effect until the Covid-19 public health emergency ends. The policy affects 35 million Americans, according to the groups.

 

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What We're Clicking

A Mark Cuban-backed firm is trying to shake up the pharmacy benefits manager market, The Wall Street Journal reports.

The New York Times describes the Apple Watch’s heart-health features.

And Nature reviews a book discussing the history of gene patenting.

A message from AARP:

The health of America’s seniors is at stake. They need dental coverage.

Many seniors, 2/3 of those relying on the Medicare, can’t afford the dental care they need. As a result, they skip going to the dentist because of the cost—and that can lead to serious health complications with diabetes and can impact brain health. It is wrong that seniors on Medicare are left without this essential healthcare.

Expanding Medicare to include dental coverage would increase access to dental care, improve our seniors’ overall health, and save them from costly dental bills. Older Americans clearly need the care. And eighty percent of voters support this measure. It’s time for Congress to listen to seniors and voters.

Tell Congress to act now to include dental coverage in Medicare.

 
 

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